Healthy oceans and marine ecosystem services underpin the ocean economy and provide the critical life support functions on which human health and well-being depend. From pollution control, storm protection, coastline and species habitat stabilization, to climate protection and food security, marine and coastal ecosystems offer multiple benefits at local, regional and global scales. The OECD works to protect and sustain seas and marine ecosystems, especially those under severe pressure from human activities, such as overexploitation of fish and other resources, habitat destruction, invasive alien species, pollution and climate change. We are supporting governments to strengthen their measures to use them in the way they can. Governments must work to ensure the achievement of SDG 14, conserve and sustainably use our seas, seas and marine resources, and achieve the relevant targets under the Convention on Biological Diversity. Play an important role in implementing a targeted and coherent policy mix. Policy tools include regulatory, economic, informational, and voluntary approaches. But the pace of policy action has not kept pace with pressures on the oceans. Unfortunately, our oceans are threatened by various human activities. Overfishing reduces fish populations, threatens nutritious food supplies, and alters marine food webs. About 80% of marine pollution originates on land, making coastal areas particularly vulnerable to pollutants. Plastic is also particularly problematic as it forms huge floating patches of debris in the ocean. Impacts such as climate change and associated ocean acidification are affecting the survival of some marine organisms. Coastal development is destroying and degrading important marine coastal ecosystems such as coral reefs, sea grass meadows and mangroves. Turkey hosts a large number of diverse species in its diverse marine and coastal habitats. Marine ecosystems provide many environmental, social and economic values ​​and benefits due to their biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services. Marine protected areas are of great importance to the conservation of marine ecosystems and unique marine biodiversity. "Invasive mammalian species such as rats, European wild boar and mongoose disproportionately affect endemic island communities that lack natural defenses against them. , is one of the most effective ways to protect and enhance terrestrial ecosystems," said Gruner. “Now that we know that these benefits can be linked to marine ecosystems, we have an opportunity to protect and restore both islands and coasts. A candidate with such features was Floreana Island in the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador, although native turtles were once present on the island. , is particularly vulnerable to invasive predators and has been declared extinct. As a result, the island's land and sea ecosystems became imbalanced without the ecological role of turtles as herbivores affecting native plants. There are still relatively few studies," Gruner said. "We hope this paper will help stimulate more research that addresses this important link between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. With the rapid development of the global ocean economy, the attractiveness of marine resource development is increasing. It is possible to reduce the loss of marine resource exploitation, prevent the destruction of the ecological environment, reduce the pressure on marine resources and the environment, improve the efficiency of intensive utilization of marine resources, and promote the rational development and utilization of marine resources.